The basic iron loss includes core hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Hysteresis loss is the amount of energy consumed by a ferromagnet or the like due to hysteresis during repeated magnetization. Going back to the previous B-H curve, the hysteresis loss per unit volume of core is proportional to the area of the hysteresis loop with each cycle. This part of the energy is converted into heat energy, which heats up the equipment and reduces efficiency. When a conductor moves in a non-uniform magnetic field or is in a time-varying magnetic field, the energy loss caused by the induced current in the conductor is called eddy current loss.
Due to the existence of eddy current loss, in order to reduce eddy current loss, the iron core is often stacked with many thin sheets, and the surface of these thin sheets is coated with a thin layer of insulating paint or insulating oxide. As the magnetic flux passes through the narrow cross-section of the lamellae, the eddy currents are confined to a few narrow loops in the sheets, reducing the series of loops. This is the so-called "breaking into pieces".
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